Shapie, M.N.M & Mohd Faozi, M.A.
1. Fakulti Sains Sukan dan Rekreasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor.
Abstract
The aim of this learning
is to know tactical used by the Vietnamese silat athlete in
winning match on 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015. Four matches were selected, men class B quarterfinals, men class C
quarterfinals, men class A final, men class C semi-final. Punch, kick, topple,
sweep and etc are the technique that been chose to analyse the performance of
athlete from Vietnam. The comparison between red and blue will analyse using
the independent t-test. The notational analysis was used to record the all
outcomes such as hit target, hit elsewhere and miss opponent indicators.
Keywords: kicking, martial arts, coaching, performance analysis
Keywords: kicking, martial arts, coaching, performance analysis
Introduction
Silat is a collective word for a
class of indigenous hand to hand fighting from a geo-social territory of
Southeast Asia enveloping a large portion of the Nusantara, the Indonesian
Archipelago, the Malay Archipelago and the sum of the Malay Peninsula. Silat is one of the sports included in the
Southeast Asian Games and other region-wide competitions. Training halls are
overseen by separate national organisations in each of the main countries the
art is practised. These are Ikatan Pencak Silat Indonesia (IPSI) from
Indonesia, Persekutuan Silat Kebangsaan Malaysia (PESAKA) from Malaysia,
Persekutuan Silat Brunei Darussalam (PERSIB) from Brunei and Persekutuan Silat
Singapura (PERSISI) from Singapore. Practitioners are called pesilat. On the
23rd to 24th of September 1979, when the fourteenth SEA Games were held,
Indonesian Pencak Silat Federation (IPSI) presented Olahraga Pencak Silat
(generally known as Silat Olahraga). The rules of this event have already been
arranged in the year 1973. With a specific end goal to reinforce and enhance
it, more pencak silat procedures are included based karate, kempo and jujitsu
moves for perfection. By 1980, silat has participated in the main Olahraga
Pencak Silat rivalry which was held in Singapore. In 1982, the Pencak Silat rivalry
presented two new rivalries which are Silat Seni and Silat Olahraga. Afterward,
the Pencak Silat rivalry coordinator changed the terms for the classes into
Tunggal, Ganda, Regu and Tanding (Olahraga Pencak Silat/Silat Olahraga). For
the basic commands, the ‘wasit’ which is referee will state the command
'Sedia', meaning 'ready'. Then, he will shout 'Mulai', meaning 'begin'.
Immediately the 'gong' will be struck. When the wasit wants to stop the fight,
he will shout 'Berhenti', meaning 'stop'. There are three rounds of fighting; 2
minutes for every round, with 1 minute rest between each round.
Material and Methods
Match Analysis
The
video of the match were used to analyse the 28th SEA Games Singapore
2015, Vietnam men class B quarterfinals, Vietnam men class C quarterfinals,
Vietnam men class A final, and Vietnam men class C semi-final. The video was
collected by using the YouTube Channel. The winning and losing participant will
be classified and the game-related statistics were collected. Data collected
was hit target, hit elsewhere and miss target. The video has been notated by
Mohamad Azraie bin Mohd Faozi.
Motion Categories
Silat
exponent’s motions were coded into 14 different types of categories and were
defined as follows:
Punch:
The
punch ‘tumbuk’ attack is done by a hand with a closed fist hitting the target.
In silat punching is often used to fight the opponent. It can be a straight
punch ‘tumbuk lurus’ or uppercut ‘sauk’ to the exponent body’s.
Kick:
The
kick ‘tendang / terajang’ is an attacking movement which is performed with one leg
or two legs simultaneously. A kick can be aimed at any target. It can be front
kick ‘tendang depan’, side-kick ‘depak’ or semi-circular side kick ‘tendang
lengkar’.
Block:
The
blocking movements begin with the posture position ‘sikap pasang’: the exponent
stands straight with his hands around his body or close to his chest. Blocking
or parrying ‘tangkisan’ can be done using arms, elbows and legs with the purpose
to block off or striking back at any attack.
Catch:
The
catch ‘tangkapan’ is done by using the hand to obstruct the opponent from
carrying out an attack. The silat exponent is able to prevent himself from
being attacked by pointing the attack which he has caught to another direction.
A catch which twists or drags the opponent is forbidden. Also, a catch which
could break the part which is being held such as the leg and waist is also
forbidden. These regulations exist to protect the silat exponent’s.
Topple:
There
are various ways of toppling down one’s opponent. For example, a silat exponent
‘pesilat’ can either push, shove the opponent’s back leg from the bag or from
the side, shove, hit, kick, strike or punch to make the opponent lose his
balance. Every fall is considered valid as long as the silat exponent topples
his opponent down without wrestling or he is able to overpower the opponent
whom he has brought down.
Sweep:
Swiping
‘sapuan’ involves attacking an opponent’s leg which is on the ground to unstabilise
him and bring down to the ground. A silat exponent can perform this attacking
movement either with his right or left leg, Hence, front sweep ‘sapuan depan’
is done by swinging the leg to the front to push an opponent’s front leg, while
back sweep ‘sapuan belakang’ is carried out by swinging the leg backward to hit
the back leg.
Evade/Dodge:
The
evade ‘elakan’ technique is carried out by silat exponent when he tries to
evade an attack. This technique does not require the silat exponent to touch
the opponent in fending off the attack. They are many ways of carrying out his
defensive movement such as dodging ‘gelek’, retreat ‘mundur’, evasion to the
side ‘elak sisi’, bending ‘elak serung’, jumping ‘lonjak’, ducking ‘susup’ and
etc.
Self-Release:
Self-release
‘lepas tangkapan’ technique is a technique to unlock any clinch or catch from
an opponent.
Block and Punch:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the hand to punch the opponent.
Block and Kick:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using the leg to kick the opponent.
Block and Sweep:
The
blocking technique is used to block any hand or leg attack from the opponent
and followed by counter attack using sweeping technique to the opponent.
Fake Punch:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake
punch to break his opponent’s defensive posture.
Fake Kick:
An
action which a silat exponent intends to confuse the opponent using a fake kick
to break his opponent defensive posture.
Others:
Both
silat exponents are either in posture position ‘sikap pasang’ or coming close
to each other using silat step pattern ‘pola langkah’. All the activities are
considered high intensity except for others which at that time both silat
exponents are in low intensity periods.
Statistical Analysis
The
remark generated data will be regularity counted, and every round of data will
be composed to be analysed. All data will transferred into Microsoft word and
will be transferred into SPSS for further detailed. A paired t-test was used to
determine of action performance. All data
will be expressed in mean ± standard deviation.
Results
Table
1: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded during Men’s 55kg Class B
Quarterfinal Vietnam VS Singapore
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Hit
Target
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
1
|
3
|
|
4
|
Block & Kick
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
Block & Punch
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
Block & Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
2
|
7
|
3
|
12
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
3
|
7
|
|
10
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
5
|
5
|
Self-Release
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
Topple
|
2
|
1
|
|
3
|
Sweep
|
|
|
7
|
7
|
Catch
|
|
2
|
3
|
5
|
Dodge
|
|
6
|
|
6
|
Others
|
|
2
|
|
2
|
Total
|
8
|
33
|
18
|
59
|
Table 2: Frequency profile of the 2 contestants
Exponent
|
Topple
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
Win
|
1
|
10
|
22
|
33
|
Lose
|
3
|
3
|
20
|
26
|
Total
|
4
|
13
|
42
|
59
|
Table 3: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded
during Men’s 60kg Class C Quarterfinals Vietnam VS Singapore
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Hit
Target
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
|
7
|
|
7
|
Block & Kick
|
|
|
|
|
Block & Punch
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
Block & Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
5
|
10
|
5
|
20
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
2
|
7
|
2
|
11
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
|
|
Self-Release
|
|
5
|
|
5
|
Topple
|
1
|
4
|
1
|
6
|
Sweep
|
|
|
3
|
3
|
Catch
|
1
|
3
|
|
4
|
Dodge
|
1
|
6
|
|
7
|
Others
|
2
|
2
|
|
4
|
Total
|
12
|
34
|
12
|
58
|
Table 4: Frequency profile of the 2 contestants
Exponent
|
Topple
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
Win
|
6
|
11
|
19
|
36
|
Lose
|
3
|
9
|
10
|
22
|
Total
|
9
|
20
|
29
|
58
|
Table 5: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded
during Men’s Class A Final Vietnam VS Indonesia
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Hit
Target
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
|
4
|
|
4
|
Block & Kick
|
|
1
|
|
1
|
Block & Punch
|
|
|
|
|
Block & Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
Kick
|
4
|
14
|
9
|
17
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
1
|
2
|
|
3
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
|
|
Self-Release
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
Topple
|
|
9
|
19
|
28
|
Sweep
|
|
|
|
|
Catch
|
|
2
|
|
2
|
Dodge
|
|
8
|
|
8
|
Others
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
5
|
43
|
28
|
76
|
Table 6: Frequency profile of the 2 contestants
Exponent
|
Topple
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
Win
|
15
|
14
|
13
|
42
|
Lose
|
13
|
12
|
9
|
34
|
Total
|
28
|
26
|
22
|
76
|
Table 7: Frequency of actions and outcomes recorded
during Men’s Class C Semi Final Vietnam VS Thailand
Action
|
Outcome
|
|||
Hit
Elsewhere
|
Hit
Target
|
Miss
Opponent
|
Total
|
|
Block
|
|
6
|
|
6
|
Block & Kick
|
|
|
1
|
1
|
Block & Punch
|
|
2
|
|
2
|
Block & Sweep
|
|
2
|
|
2
|
Kick
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
15
|
Fake Kick
|
|
|
|
|
Punch
|
|
3
|
|
3
|
Fake Punch
|
|
|
|
|
Self-Release
|
|
4
|
3
|
7
|
Topple
|
|
5
|
4
|
9
|
Sweep
|
|
5
|
3
|
8
|
Catch
|
|
5
|
|
5
|
Dodge
|
|
11
|
|
11
|
Others
|
|
3
|
1
|
4
|
Total
|
5
|
51
|
17
|
73
|
Table 8: Frequency profile of the 2 contestants
Exponent
|
Topple
|
Kick
|
Others*
|
Total
|
Win
|
4
|
11
|
26
|
41
|
Lose
|
1
|
5
|
26
|
32
|
Total
|
5
|
16
|
52
|
73
|
Paired Samples Test
|
|||||||||
|
Paired Differences
|
t
|
df
|
Sig. (2-tailed)
|
|||||
Mean
|
Std. Deviation
|
Std. Error Mean
|
95% Confidence Interval of the
Difference
|
||||||
Lower
|
Upper
|
||||||||
Pair
1
|
kick
hit target winner1 - kick hit target loser1
|
1.00000
|
1.00000
|
.57735
|
-1.48414
|
3.48414
|
1.732
|
2
|
.225
|
Pair
2
|
kick
hit elsewhere winner1 - kick hit elsewhere loser1
|
.00000
|
1.73205
|
1.00000
|
-4.30265
|
4.30265
|
.000
|
2
|
1.000
|
Pair
3
|
kick
missing opponent winner1 - kick missing opponent loser1
|
-.33333
|
1.52753
|
.88192
|
-4.12792
|
3.46125
|
-.378
|
2
|
.742
|
Discussion
Independent paired t-test was used to collect the data from 28th
SEA Games Singapore 2015, men quarter final match class B Vietnam VS Singapore,
men quarter final class C Vietnam VS Singapore, men final class A Vietnam VS
Indonesia, men class C semi-final class C Vietnam VS Thailand. The result has shown that the winner from Vietnam make more action
compare to the loser side base on total action profile. Based on the result we
can conclude that the winning athlete had in top performance which is in attack
and during defending. The tactical used by Vietnamese silat’s athlete is more
on kicking and topple because they are focusing on getting point even some of
round in the match they lose seldom of points. Moreover Vietnamese athlete are
using wait and attack strategy as we can see hit target percentage is higher
than the miss opponent. Most of the athlete also like to use avoiding and come
back with topple technique. Winning athlete was very focus and they have a good
reaction. In terms of topple technique, their maximal strength and power is
very high because in every attempt they made, they successfully bring the
opponent down. This relate to functional stability which is to not fall easily
and muscle strength at lower extremity, to take the opponent down. They are
commonly use ATP Pc and glycolysis because from the analysis, Vietnamese
athlete only make not more than 3 combination of action and they are focusing
on the hit target. Which is this, has shown that quality is over quantity.
The
mean values for kick hit target win (KHTW) and kick hit target lose (KHTL) is 1.00.
The standard deviation of (KHTW) and (KHTL) is also 1.00. It shown that, the 4
matches used more kicking technique compare to punching because it is a good
action for a far distance between two athletes. The pesilat need to have a
really good skill of how to kick the opponent target. This mean that the level
of fitness of Vietnam pesilat has increase time by time due to the knowledge in
sport science in coaches and athlete to win ASEAN games.
Conclusion
In
summary, this study showed the winner and loser based on kick hit target on the
28th SEA Games Singapore 2015. The current study has provided a
great understanding of the information for the silat by looking at the activity
involved in competition. Both of the exponents performed more high intensity
actions than low intensity actions. Based on the mean and standard deviation at
Paired Sample Test table, there is no doubt if the athlete from Vietnam won the
game and be a champion. This sport expose very well in Asean and many folks
want to involve this sport. This sport involves high intensity in fitness level
especially in speed and power. All the competitor should improve and develop
more fitness level especially in speed and power if want to be more expert
athlete in silat olahraga. As I conclude, the tactical used by Vietnam’s
athlete to do more kick and topple is a good tactical to win the match because
it can boost your point taken.
References
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About Author
This article was submitted by Mohamad Azraie an expert of combat sport research. Did you find this article useful?
For more question, please email to azraiefaozi@yahoo.com.